除塵器(qi)，用于(yu)捕集、分(fen)離(li)懸浮于(yu)空(kong)氣或氣體中粉塵粒(li)子的(de)設備，也稱收塵器(qi)。由于(yu)含(han)塵氣流(liu)進(jin)入較大空(kong)間速度突(tu)然降低，使(shi)塵粒(li)在(zai)自(zi)身重力(li)(li)作用下與氣體分(fen)離(li)的(de)一種重力(li)(li)除塵裝置。我們稱重力(li)(li)除塵。　　

　　袋式(shi)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器：是一(yi)種干式(shi)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)裝置。濾(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)使用一(yi)段時(shi)間(jian)后(hou)，由于篩濾(lv)(lv)(lv)、碰撞(zhuang)、滯留、擴散、靜電(dian)等效(xiao)應，濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋表(biao)面積(ji)聚(ju)了一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)，這層(ceng)(ceng)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)稱為(wei)初層(ceng)(ceng)，在(zai)(zai)此以后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)運動過(guo)(guo)程中，初層(ceng)(ceng)成(cheng)了濾(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)層(ceng)(ceng)，依靠初層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用，網孔較大的(de)(de)(de)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)也能獲(huo)得較高的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)效(xiao)率(lv)。隨著(zhu)(zhu)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)在(zai)(zai)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)表(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)聚(ju)，除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)和阻力都相應的(de)(de)(de)增加，當濾(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)兩側的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)力差很大時(shi)，會(hui)把有些(xie)已(yi)附著(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)(zai)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)上的(de)(de)(de)細(xi)小塵(chen)(chen)(chen)粒擠壓(ya)過(guo)(guo)去，使除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器效(xiao)率(lv)下降。另外，除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器的(de)(de)(de)阻力過(guo)(guo)高會(hui)使除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)系統的(de)(de)(de)風量顯(xian)著(zhu)(zhu)下降。因(yin)此，除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器的(de)(de)(de)阻力達到一(yi)定數值后(hou)，要(yao)及時(shi)清灰。清灰時(shi)不(bu)能破壞初層(ceng)(ceng)，以免效(xiao)率(lv)下降。

　　脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)：當含塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)氣體由進(jin)(jin)風(feng)(feng)口(kou)進(jin)(jin)入(ru)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)，碰到進(jin)(jin)出(chu)風(feng)(feng)口(kou)中(zhong)間的擋板，氣流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)入(ru)灰斗，速度(du)放慢，由于慣性(xing)作用，使氣體中(zhong)粗顆粒粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)直(zhi)接流(liu)(liu)入(ru)灰斗，起預收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)的作用。進(jin)(jin)入(ru)灰斗的氣流(liu)(liu)向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)通(tong)過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)(dai)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)被捕集(ji)在(zai)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)(dai)的外表(biao)面(mian)，凈氣進(jin)(jin)入(ru)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)(dai)室上(shang)(shang)部(bu)清(qing)(qing)潔室，匯集(ji)到出(chu)風(feng)(feng)口(kou)排出(chu)。凈化(hua)的過(guo)程中(zhong)，要控(kong)制阻力在(zai)一定范圍(wei)內(nei)（140--170毫米(mi)水柱），超過(guo)范圍(wei)須對(dui)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)(dai)進(jin)(jin)行清(qing)(qing)灰：清(qing)(qing)灰時由脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)控(kong)制儀順序(xu)觸發(fa)各控(kong)制閥開啟脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)閥，氣包內(nei)的壓縮空(kong)氣由噴吹管各孔(kong)經文氏管噴射到各相應(ying)的濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)(dai)內(nei)，濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)(dai)瞬間急劇膨脹(zhang)，使積附在(zai)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)(dai)表(biao)面(mian)的粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)脫落，濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)(dai)恢復初(chu)始狀態。由此使積附在(zai)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)(dai)上(shang)(shang)的粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)周期地(di)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)噴吹清(qing)(qing)灰，使凈化(hua)氣體正常通(tong)過(guo)，保(bao)證(zheng)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)系統運(yun)行。脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)是在(zai)袋(dai)(dai)式除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)的基礎(chu)上(shang)(shang)改進(jin)(jin)的新型高效(xiao)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)，綜合了(le)分室反吹各種脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)噴吹除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)的優點(dian)，克服了(le)分室清(qing)(qing)灰強度(du)不(bu)夠，進(jin)(jin)出(chu)風(feng)(feng)分布不(bu)均等(deng)缺(que)點(dian)，擴大(da)了(le)應(ying)用范圍(wei)。

　　靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)：利用(yong)(yong)(yong)高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)使(shi)煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi)發(fa)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)(li)，氣(qi)(qi)流(liu)中的(de)(de)(de)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)下(xia)與氣(qi)(qi)流(liu)分離(li)(li)(li)。荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)捕(bu)集(ji)過(guo)程：在(zai)(zai)兩個(ge)(ge)曲率半徑(jing)相差較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)屬陽極(ji)和(he)陰(yin)極(ji)上，通過(guo)高壓直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，維持一個(ge)(ge)足以使(shi)氣(qi)(qi)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)，氣(qi)(qi)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)(li)后所產生的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子：陰(yin)離(li)(li)(li)子和(he)陽離(li)(li)(li)子，吸(xi)附在(zai)(zai)通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)上，使(shi)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獲(huo)得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)。荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)性不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)力的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)下(xia)，分別向不(bu)(bu)同極(ji)性的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)運動，沉積在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上，而達(da)到粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)和(he)氣(qi)(qi)體分離(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)（負極(ji)由不(bu)(bu)同斷面(mian)形狀的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)屬導線制成，叫放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)。正(zheng)極(ji)由不(bu)(bu)同幾何形狀的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)屬板制成，叫集(ji)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)）。靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)與其(qi)他除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)設(she)備相比，耗能少，除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效率高，實踐表明，處理的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi)量越(yue)(yue)大，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)投資(zi)和(he)運行費用(yong)(yong)(yong)越(yue)(yue)經(jing)濟。

　　旋(xuan)風(feng)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器：含(han)塵(chen)(chen)氣流沿切線方向進入筒體做螺旋(xuan)形旋(xuan)轉運動(dong)，在(zai)離心(xin)力作用下將(jiang)塵(chen)(chen)粒分離和捕集的(de)(de)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器。旋(xuan)風(feng)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器的(de)(de)各個(ge)部件都(dou)有一(yi)定的(de)(de)尺寸比例，每一(yi)個(ge)比例關系的(de)(de)變(bian)動(dong)，都(dou)能影響旋(xuan)風(feng)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器的(de)(de)效率和壓(ya)力損失，其中除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器直徑(jing)(jing)、進氣口(kou)尺寸、排氣管直徑(jing)(jing)為主要影響因素。

　　濕式除塵(chen)器：借含塵(chen)氣(qi)體與液滴或液膜的接(jie)觸(chu)、撞擊等(deng)作用(yong)。使塵(chen)粒從氣(qi)流中(zhong)(zhong)分離出來的設備(bei)。先是利用(yong)高壓離心風機的吸力，把含塵(chen)氣(qi)體壓到(dao)裝有一定高度水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)槽(cao)中(zhong)(zhong)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)浴會(hui)把一部分灰塵(chen)吸附(fu)在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)。經均布分流后，氣(qi)體從下往上流動(dong)，而高壓噴(pen)頭則由上向(xiang)下噴(pen)灑水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)霧，捕(bu)集剩(sheng)余部分的塵(chen)粒。